What is Lipoprotein(a)?
Lipoprotein(a), or often abbreviated as Lp(a), is another type of “bad” cholesterol that can be problematic. Just like high LDL cholesterol, elevated Lp(a) levels can cause plaque to build up in your artery walls, a process known as atherosclerosis. This build-up slowly narrows your arteries, increasing your risk of a heart attack or stroke.
Like FH, elevated Lp(a) is an also an inherited (genetic) condition. If you have it, there is a 50% chance that first-degree relatives will also have elevated levels. It’s estimated that 1 in 5 people have elevated Lp(a), but most are unaware of it.,
Elevated Lp(a) is very common, genetically determined and an independent risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease. Whilst there are no therapies currently available to treat elevated Lp(a), lifestyle measures are recommended, combined with a more aggressive approach to treating other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to reduce the risk of future coronary artery disease. It is anticipated that Lp(a) lowering therapeutics will enter the market in the next 3 years.
Your levels tend to stay consistent throughout your life unlike cholesterol which can fluctuate depending on treatment. Because Lp(a) is so common, it is important to know whether you are living with both FH and elevated Lp(a).
What are the reasons for testing for Lp(a)?
- One of your first-degree relatives has been diagnosed with elevated Lp(a)
- You have a high risk of cardiovascular disease, or progressive cardiovascular disease
- You have FH, high cholesterol levels or you do not respond to standard cholesterol-lowering treatments
How do I get tested for Lp(a)?
Lp(a) is not included in the Lipid Profile group of blood tests that is routinely used to measure your cholesterol for assessing cardiovascular risk. At present, the test is not routinely covered under the Medical Benefits Schedule (MBS). However, you can easily request this simple blood test from your GP and pay the cost which typically ranges from $40-$75.
If you have been diagnosed with FH, it is a very good idea to also determine whether or not you also have elevated Lp(a).
If your test indicates that your Lp(a) levels are normal, you do not need to be tested again. It’s a simple “once in a lifetime” test.
You can read more about the Lp(a) blood test using the “Understanding Your Pathology Tests” tool on our Resources page.
How is elevated Lp(a) managed?
Although dietary and lifestyle changes do not appear to directly affect Lp(a) levels, the management of elevated Lp(a) still focuses on aggressively reducing your overall cardiovascular risk, which includes dietary and lifestyle interventions. Medication may also be prescribed to reduce your other cardiovascular risk factors such as high LDL cholesterol, glucose and/or blood pressure.
What can I do to reduce my overall cardiovascular risk?
- Have regular check-ups with your doctor
- Take your medication as prescribed by your doctor to reduce your LDL, glucose and blood pressure
- If you smoke or vape, get help quitting, and avoid second-hand smoke
- Consume a healthy diet
- Maintain or reach a healthy weight range
- Stay or become physically active
- Avoid alcohol or drink in moderation
- Reduce your stress levels
Lastly, if you have elevated Lp(a), remember to tell your family members and encourage them to be tested.